Leader: ETH-SED (Dr. Anne Obermann)

Participants: UniGe (Dr. Luca Guglielmetti, Prof. Dr. Andrea Moscariello), Eawag (Prof. Dr. Rolf Kipfer), ETH-SED (Dr. Sin-Mei Wu, Dr. Pilar Sánchez-Pastor)

The objectives of this work package are:

• Assess mobility of CO₂ enriched water and mineralization processes through changes in seismic velocity, attenuation, electrical conductivity, and geochemistry of water around the injection.
• Providing a high-resolution 4D imaging of the subsurface at the reservoir scale as input to the 3D reservoir model (WP3).
• Contribute to de-risking CO₂ injections in Iceland by benchmarking monitoring technologies
• Transfer knowledge on monitoring technologies to the Swiss context.

The WP aims at monitoring and imaging the migration of the CO₂ enriched water, and the mineralization at depth by means of different independent geophysical and geochemical monitoring technologies, both at the surface and in the boreholes. The outline of the monitoring geometry is shown in Figure 12. By comparing the resolution power of the different techniques, we benchmark technologies and evaluate them for monitoring network design in Iceland, but also for future Swiss storage experiments.

Geophysical Monitoring

Time-lapse acquisitions of different physical parameters (e.g., resistivity, seismic P- and S-wave velocity, attenuation factor Q) will be performed to constrain the propagation of the CO₂ plume into the reservoir and assess the occurrence of multi-phase flow.

Task 1:
Geophysical survey design
(ETH-SED, UniGe, month 1-3)

Task 2:
Background monitoring
(ETH-SED, ISOR, month 0-23)

Task 3:
Repeated Cross-hole Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP)
(ETH-SED, UniGe, month 4-23)

Task 4:
Smart Solo network
(ETH-SED, UniGe)

Task 5:
Downhole electrical resistivity tomography
(ETH-SED, UniGe, month 4-23)

Task 6:
Spot measurements
(Eawag, month 4-23)

Task 7:
Continuous gas monitoring
(Eawag, month 4-23)